SHEN WEN QUAN
Vice-chairman，Science & Technology Committee CNNC
沈文權(quán) 中國(guó)核工業(yè)集團(tuán)公司科技委 副主任
中國(guó)核電國(guó)產(chǎn)化論壇
Forum on Nuclear Power Localization in China
2006.3.30. Beijing.
General 綜述
Considering Energy and environment safety, nuclear power development is the must in China, especially in coast area. By 2020, the planned nuclear power capacity will be 40 GW, about 4% share of total installed electric capacity. 考慮到能源安全和環(huán)境安全，中國(guó)發(fā)展核電是必由之路，特別是在沿海地區(qū)。2020年，計(jì)劃的核電容量將達(dá)到40GW，占電力總?cè)萘考s4%。
Obviously, after 2020, in China the usable hydropower site getting less and less, while the coal power having more impact on environment, the nuclear power will develop much faster in a larger scale, and its importance in the China’s energy frame be indubitable. 顯然，2020年以后，中國(guó)可用的水電廠址越來(lái)越少，同時(shí)煤電對(duì)環(huán)境的壓力也越來(lái)越大，核電發(fā)展的規(guī)模將會(huì)更大，它在中國(guó)能源結(jié)構(gòu)中的重要性是毋用置疑的。
Development Status 發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀
There are 9 operating units which have an installed capacity of 6998MW ( accounting for 1.59% of the gross capacity ), presenting approximately 2.3% of total electric generation in mainland of China. The safe operation of all operating NPPs has been always kept in good condition. At current, there is still a lower proportion of the nuclear power to total power generation in China.
Recently, the State Council has agreed to start 4 nuclear power projects (8 units altogether), namely Qinshan II extension, Linao phase II, Sanmen and Yangjiang NPPs. The nuclear power is stepping into a new era of a broad perspective in China.
目前中國(guó)大陸上正在運(yùn)行的核電機(jī)組共有9臺(tái)，裝機(jī)容量達(dá)6998兆瓦，占總裝機(jī)容量1.59%，占總發(fā)電量2.3%。始終保持安全運(yùn)行的良好記錄。現(xiàn)在核電在總電量的份額仍然較低。最近國(guó)務(wù)院已經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)了4個(gè)新的核電項(xiàng)目（共8臺(tái)機(jī)組），它們是：秦山二期擴(kuò)建，嶺東，三門和陽(yáng)江核電站。中國(guó)的核電進(jìn)入了加快發(fā)展的新紀(jì)元。
Status of NPP in 2005 核電廠現(xiàn)狀
Site
廠址 Capacity/Type
容量/堆型 Date on Grid
并網(wǎng)日期 Capability Factor
能力因子(%)
Qinshan I 300MW/PWR 1991.12.15. 87.02
Daya Bay -1 900MW/PWR 1993.08.31. 89.96
-2 900MW/PWR 1994.02.07.
Qinshan II -1 600MW/PWR 2002.02.01. 86.70
-2 600MW/PWR 2004.03.11.
Lingao -1 984MW/PWR 2002.04.05. 87.16
-2 984MW/PWR 2002.12.15.
Qinshan III -1 700MW/PHWR 2002.11.10 80.98
-2 700MW/PHWR 2003.06.12.
Tianwan -1 1000MW/PWR 2006.04.
-2 1000MW/PWR 2006.12.
NPP Operation performance above Medium核電站運(yùn)行水平達(dá)到國(guó)際中等偏上水平
Compared with the WANO plant performance indicators, most of them have been above the medium levels and part of them are in top quartile levels. 根據(jù)WANO（世界核電運(yùn)行者協(xié)會(huì)）相關(guān)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的評(píng)定，我國(guó)核電站的整體運(yùn)行水平已進(jìn)入國(guó)際中等偏上行列，部分指標(biāo)已進(jìn)入前四分之一行列。
CAEA Operation Annual Report says, “ the radioactive effluent discharges have been below the national limits since the first NPP put into operation. All plants have no adverse impact on the environment.”中國(guó)國(guó)家原子能機(jī)構(gòu)核電運(yùn)行年報(bào)稱：“已投運(yùn)的核電廠放射性排出流的排放量均低于國(guó)家規(guī)定的排放限值，核電廠運(yùn)行沒有給環(huán)境帶來(lái)不良影響。”
NUCLEAR POWER -- IMPORTANT ROLE IN LOCAL PROVINCES 核電在部分省區(qū)的重要作用
The available 3 sites已經(jīng)建成了三個(gè)廠址:
Site Units in Output to the Ratio to total regional
Operation Grid in 2004 Elec. Generation
廠址 運(yùn)行機(jī)組 上網(wǎng)電量(GWh) 占地區(qū)總發(fā)電量比例
Qinshan秦山 5 20489 18.62%
Daya Bay大亞灣 4 27312* 11.99%
*The part to Hongkong grid excluded（未含向香港供電量）。
Tianwan site: 2 Units will operate before end of 2006. Then total installed nuclear capacity in China will reach 10350MW. 田灣廠址兩臺(tái)機(jī)組將在2006年底投運(yùn)，屆時(shí)全國(guó)核電總裝機(jī)容量將達(dá)1035萬(wàn)千瓦。
NUCLEAR POWER ECONOMICS AFTER COAL PRICE UNLASHED 煤價(jià)放開后核電的經(jīng)濟(jì)性
The coal price increased rapidly in coastal regions. Based on the coal price in September 2004, in those regions, where the coal price exceed 400 yuan/ton (about $50/ton), nuclear power has positive economical competitiveness to the coal power.
沿海地區(qū)煤價(jià)快速增長(zhǎng)以2004年9月的煤價(jià)為基礎(chǔ)，列表數(shù)據(jù)表明，凡煤價(jià)超過(guò)400元/噸（約50美元/噸）的地區(qū)核電價(jià)對(duì)煤電價(jià)具有肯定的經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。
Region Zhu river Yangzhi Bohai near coal at coal
delta delta Bay side mine mine
Coal price(yuan/ton) 600 500 400 300 200
Elec. Price to grid 487.4 442.8 398.2 353.6 307.0
(yuan/MWh)
Coal/Nuclear 1.255 1.140 1.025 0.911 0.791
EXPECTED DEVELOPMENT GOAL OF NUCLEAR POWER BEFORE 2020 （ 2020年前的預(yù)期發(fā)展目標(biāo)）
The expected development goal of nuclear power in China before 2020 is to reach the total installed capacity of 40GW. To ensure the fulfillment of above goal, at least 2-3 units of 1000MW NPPs have to start construction each year from now on.
2020年前中國(guó)核電發(fā)展的預(yù)期目標(biāo)為總裝機(jī)達(dá)到40GW，占據(jù)中國(guó)大陸電力總裝機(jī)量的4%。為確保完成這一目標(biāo)，從現(xiàn)在起至少每年需要開工2--3臺(tái)百萬(wàn)千瓦的核電機(jī)組。
Near-Term Program
(2005-2006) 近期規(guī)劃
--The extension of Qinshan II, units 3&4 (2X650MWe), will start construction in March 2006;
-- 秦山二期擴(kuò)建3號(hào)和4號(hào)機(jī)組（2臺(tái)65萬(wàn)千瓦），將于2006年3月開工。
--The extension of Lingao, units 3&4 (2X900MWe), unit3 started construction before the end of 2006. --嶺澳擴(kuò)建3號(hào)和4號(hào)機(jī)組，其中3號(hào)機(jī)組已于2006年底前開工。
Medium-Term Program
(2007-2015)中期規(guī)劃
Evolution of 2nd generation design改進(jìn)的第二代:
--Fangjiashan方家山(near Qinshan): 2X1000MW, (CNP1000);
--Tianwan 田灣 (Jiangsu province): 可建6X1000MW, PWR;
--Haiyang海陽(yáng) (Shandong province):可建6X1000MW, PWR;
--Hongyanhe紅沿河 (Liaoning province):可建6X1000MW, PWR;
First batch of 3rd generation design首批第三代:
--Sanmen 三門 (Zhejiang province): 2X1000/1500MW, PWR;
--Yangjiang 陽(yáng)江 (Guangdong province): 2X1000/1500MW, PWR;
Long-Term Program (2015-2025)長(zhǎng)期規(guī)劃
Advanced PWR 先進(jìn)壓水堆（第三代）:
--Year 2012: Start construction of self-relied first advanced PWR (3-rd generation design), ACNP；2012年開工中國(guó)品牌的第三代壓水堆（第三代設(shè)計(jì)）首期工程，ACNP;
--After 2017: Batch construction of ACNP ;2017年后批量建設(shè)ACNP；
Fast Reactor快堆:
--Around 2008: Finish construction of China Experimental Fast Reactor (65MWe); 2008年建成中國(guó)實(shí)驗(yàn)快堆；
--Around 2020: Construction of prototype fast reactor NPP (600/800MWe); 2020年建設(shè)原型快堆；
Other Innovative Reactors : --Integral PWR, PBMR, and SCWR
其它先進(jìn)反應(yīng)堆：一體化壓水堆，球床氣冷堆，超臨界水堆.
發(fā)展核電的方針是“以我為主，中外合作”
Policy of Development: Relying on ourselves, while encouraging SINO-Foreign Cooperation
The success of China’s nuclear power development has been benefited from good international cooperation surrounding. The further development will still need international support. The selection principles for foreign partners are as follows:
1, To provide mature and advanced technologies; 2, To make full use of available technical bases and help to localize the nuclear power in China; 3, To provide favorable economical cooperation conditions.
中國(guó)核電發(fā)展的成功得益于良好的國(guó)際合作環(huán)境，進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展仍然離不開國(guó)際同行的合作和支持。選擇國(guó)際合作伙伴有三個(gè)原則：1、可以向中國(guó)提供成熟的、先進(jìn)的技術(shù)；2、愿意充分利用我國(guó)原有的基礎(chǔ)，幫助中國(guó)核電的國(guó)產(chǎn)化；3、經(jīng)濟(jì)上可以提供比較優(yōu)惠的合作條件。
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